Multiplying machine



May 17, 1940- c. CAMPBELL MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed May 6', 1936 6 ShQets-Shpbt 1 Ai'ToRNEY 'May 7, 1940. c. CAMPBELL MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed May 6, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet; 3

i m i lg INVENTOR lll) ATTORISEY y 1940- c. CAMPBELL 4 2.199.537

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed May 6, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 H U 0 3G. 5 0 5a I ZL-I-4 C.-5a-14 M E ATTORNEY May 7, 1940- c. CAMPBELL MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed May s, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 ATTORNEY Patented May 7, 1940 PATENT OFFICE MULTIPLYING MACHINE Charles Campbell, London, England, assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 6, 1936, Serial No. 78,123

In Great Britain May 23 935 6 Claims.

This invention relates to multiplying machines and more specifically to a machine which multiplies by first forming a series of multiples of the multiplicand and then selecting the multiples ap- 6 propriate to the digits of the multiplier and summing the selected multiples in an accumulator or accumulators.

In the prior art there are machines in which the series of multiples comprises once, twice, four 10 times and five times the multiplicand and in which two product accumulators are employed. Such machine multiplies by each digit of the multiplier in turn, Inorder to multiply by one, two, four or five, the machine selects the correspending multiple and enters it into one of the. product accumulators. Inorder to multiply by any other digit, the machine selects the pair of multiples whose sum. is equal to the product of the multiplicand and the multiplier digit and enters the selected multiples, one into one product accumulator, and the other concurrently into the other product accumulator. After multiplication has been effected by all the multiplier digits, the total in one accumulator is entered into the other accumulator to give the final product.

In this prior machine the multiple-forming mechanism comprises three accumulators of which one is provided with doubling reading-out mechanism by which double the amount con- 33 tained in the accumulator can be read out and entered into one of the product accumulators.-

The multiplicand is entered into this accumulator and also into one of the other accumulators.

- Then twice the multiplicand is read out by means 35 of the doubling reading-out mechanism of the first accumulator and entered into the other two accumulators in each of two successive cycles.

Thus once and twice the multiplicand is obtained in the first accumulator and four and five times the multiplicand are obtained in the other two 40 accumulators respectively.

According to the present invention a multiplying machine for multiplying a multiplicand by a multiplier comprises multiple-forming mecha- 45 nism arranged automatically to calculate and register a series of multiples of the multiplicand, a product accumulator, means for entering any of the multiples into the accumulator additively and certain of them into the accumulator subtrac- 50 tively, and multiple-selecting means automatically operable to select, in accordance with each digit of the multiplier in operation, a multiple which, or a pair of multiples whose sum or difference, is equal to the product of the multipli- 55 cand and the multiplier digit, and arranged to (01. ass-6%) cause the multiples that are selected as a negative term of the difierence to be entered subtractively into the accumulator and the remainder to be entered additively.

It will be seen that the present invention dif- 5 fers from the prior machine referred to above in that the final product is obtained by the addition and subtraction of selected multiples instead of out the use of adding mechanism. s 20 It is preferred to employ two product accumulators and to arrange the multiple-selecting means to enter a pair of multiples, when selected in accordance with one multiplier digit, concur- 1 rently one into one accumulator and the other 25 into the other accumulator. The use of two accumulators increases the speed of the machine, particularly when multiplying by a large number.

A multiplying machine in accordance with the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accom-- panying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically the general arrangement of the multiplying machine,

Fig. 2 showsin side elevation a multiplicand receiving device employed in the machine.

Figs. 3, 3a. and 3b taken together form a circuit diagram for the machine with Fig. 3'0: to the right and Fig. 31) below Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 is a timing diagram for the machine;

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the order in which multiples are entered in the accumulators according to the invention. I

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the solution of a problem according to Fig. 5.

Like reference characters indicate like parts throughout all the figures of the drawings.

The machine which will now be described is of the kind known commercially as the Hollerith multiplying punch. I A machine of this kind is described in British Patent Specification No. 405,031, and in U. S. Patent 2,097,145, granted October 26, 1937. The present machine is similar, as regards the arrangement of the parts, to that described in this prior machine and differs principally in the 5 Gunman. Aaasnamnnur or m Macnmn Referring to Fig. 1, the machine is driven by a motor M which through a belt "I drives a shaft H. The shaft H drives a dynamo AC-DC which provides A. C. current and D. C. current to the circuits in the machine. The shaft ll through worm gearing I2 drives a vertical shaft H, which through worm-gearing l4 drives a shaft l5. The

shaft 15 drives two accumulators LP and RP operates contacts LP-I (Figure 3), LP2 and LP3 (Figure 312'), so that these contacts are op-' erated only while the accumulator LP is being reset.

The shaft l5 drives card-feeding mechanism CF through 2:1 gearing 22 and a one revolution clutch 23. The clutch 23 is engaged by energizing a card-feed-clutch magnet CFM (top, Figure 3b) The gearing is such that a complete cycle of the card feed mechanism corresponds to two revolutions of the shaft l5 and two cycles of the accumulators. I

The card feeding mechanism withdraws the cards one by one from the magazine and feeds each card to a position in which it is about to pass between brushes 24 (Figure 3) and a contact roller 25.. The card remains in this position until the next card feeding cycle when it is fed to pass the brushes and delivered to the punching mechanism. While taking place the next card is being fed into the position in which it is about to pass the brushes. When a card is in the latter position, it closes card lever contacts 26 (lower, Figure 3b) When a card is delivered to the punch it closes card lever contacts 21 (lower, Figure 3b) The punch is of the kind comprising a single row of punches which can be individually selected for operation by punch magnets 28 (Figure 3). Each card delivered to the punch is fed, as soon as the preceding card is ejected, to a position in which the punches are over the first column of a field which is to receive the product. The card feeding mechanism and the punching mechanism is identical with that described in British Specification No. 405,031 aforesaid, and will not therefore be described in detail. The card feeding mechanism includes a shaft I50 (corresponding to shaft 93 of British Patent No. 405,031) which carries the contact operating cams for operating the contacts prefixed FC in the circuit diagram. On shaft l5 or a shaft geared thereto (such as shaft 30l of British Patent No. 405,031) are contact operating cams for operating the contacts prefixed CC in the circuit diagram. I

The shaft l3, through worm-gearing 29, drives a shaft 30 (Figure 1). This shaft carries a cam 3| for mechanically resetting certain relays CS, CR and Z. Theme relays are similar in construction to relays XI to XQdescribed in Specification No. 405,031. That is, they are electrically tripped and mechanically restored relays. The

shaft 30 also drives a shaft 32 through 2:1 gearing 33 and a one revolution clutch 34. The shaft 32 operates multiplier and multiplicand receiving devices MP and MC. The clutch 34 is engaged on the energization of a register clutch magnet RCM (top, Figure 3) The shaft 32 also carries a cam 35 for operating contacts RC-l (Figure 3b), RC-2 and RC-3, (Figure 3).

The multiplicand and multiplier receiving devices Referring to Figure 2 the multiplicand and multiplier receiving devices form a single mechanism which comprises a cross-head 40 mounted to slide vertically on rods 4| and connected at each end by a link 42 to a separate bell-crank lever 43. The levers 43 are pivoted at 44 and carry rollers 45 engaging in cam slots in the cams 46 secured on the shaft 32. As this shaft rotates, the levers 43 are oscillated and the cross-head 40 is raised and lowered; The cross-head 40 is provided with a bracket 41 to which are pivoted levers 43. The levers 48 are pulled upwardly by springs 49 and support the lower ends of slide bars 50. The slide bars are guided at their lower ends in the cross-head and at their upper ends in a frame member 5|. Normally, each slide bar is held up by its spring 49 so that a toe 52 on it bears on the bottom of the cross-head. As the cross-head 40 rises, the slides will rise with it but each slide can be arrested individually, the springs 49 permitting the cross-head to rise independently of the slides.

The slides are divided into two groups, one group constituting the multiplicand receiving device and controlled by magnets MC (Figure 2, and top Figure 3) and the other group constituting a multiplier receiving device and being controlled by magnets MP (top, Figure 3). As each slide bar rises with the cross-head, teeth 53 on it successively pass a stop pawl 54 which is normally latched by a latch 55. When the corresponding magnet MC or MP is energized, it actuates the latch 55 to release the pawl which is moved by its spring 55 to engage one of the teeth 53 and thus arrest the slide 50. The position in which the slideill is arrested depends on the time in the cycle which the magnet MC is energized. The magnets MP control their slides 50 in exactly the same manner.

It should be mentioned that Figure 2 shows the position assumed when the clutch 34 (Figure 1) has completed half a revolution from its normal disengaged position. In this position the clutch is still engaged, and this is the position assumed by the parts before the machine is started in operation. The clutch 34 is of the conventional kind which when once engaged by the magnet RCM remains engaged until it has turned through the revolution when it is mechanically disengaged. When the clutch is disengaged, the cross-head 40 is at the top of its stroke and the slides 50 are in the positions in which they were arrested during the upstroke of the cross-head. Thus, the amounts entered in the receiving devices MC and MP are retained until the magnet RCM is energized to engage the clutch 34. The receiving devices are cleared during the downstroke of the cross-head which then follows, while new amounts may be entered during the following upstroke of the cross-head and these amounts will be retained until the magnet RCM is again energized.

Each multiplicand slide 50 carries six brushes II, of which three are on one side of the bar and three on the other side and which are insulated fromtheborandfromoneanother. Eachbrush member 6|. Each of the segments 60 in a set corresponds to a different digit, the highest corresponding to 0 the next lower to 1 and so on down-' wards, and the arrangement is such that when a slide is arrested in a position to represent a digit, the brushes 51 on that slide will each engage the associated segment corresponding to that digit and will each connect this segment to the related common segment 58. The multiplier slides are similar but are only provided with three Two of these brushes co-operate Multiples reading-out circuits In Figures 3, 3a, and 3b the circuits necessary for multiplying together two three figure numbers are shown, but it will be understood the circuits may be duplicated to allow, multiplication by larger numbers. The segments 58 and 60 associated with threemultiplicand slides 50 are shown in Figure 3a. The upper group of segments constitutes a reading-out mechanism for five times the multiplicand. The lowest group constitutes a reading-out mechanism for twice the multiplicand while the centre group comprises two reading-out mechanisms, one for reading-out once or ten times the multiplicand and the other for reading-out the complement of the multiplicand. The three segments 58 and sets 60 associated with and on one side of the slide bar are shown in vertical alignment in Figure 3a and each slide bar 50 is associated with a pair of segments 58 and a pair of sets of segments 6!! in each section.

A commutator or impulse emitter EM is provided and is driven continuously in any convenient manner. This commutator serves to connect a line 10 (Figure 3) which is connected to the A. C. part of the generator to each of a series of lines H (Figure 3a) in turn. Each line is connected in circuit at a time in the cycle of the accumulators appropriate for transmitting an impulse to accumulator magnets LP and RP (lower,-Figure 3) to cause the accumulators to add a particular digit. As usual in Hollerith accumulators, the time at which an accumulator magnet is energized determines the value of the digit added. Thus, each line 1! corresponds to a particular digit as indicated by the numerals shown against them in Figure 311.

Once the multiplica'nd tacts are closed they connect the lines 13 to three of the four lines 14 which are connected on the closure of relay contacts CSu-5lll (Fig. 3) to lines 15 leading to the three lowest accumulator .sands, hundreds, tens an magnets LP. The four lines 14 are associated ets LP in the thouunits denominations of the accumulator as indicated by the reference characters Th, H, T and U in Figure 3a. The lines 13 are connected to the hundredatens and respectively with the ma units lines ll and the circuits extend throughthe three lowest accumulator magnets LP.

By means of these circuits the multiplicand can be read-out and entered into the accumulator LP. In Figure 3a the brushes 51 are shown in the positions for representing 673. The circuit for entering the highest digit 6 extends from the A. C. generator through-the line I0, the emitter EM at the six time in the cycle, the line ll corresponding to 6, the line 12 corresponding to 6, the hundreds segment 60 corresponding to 6, the hundreds brush 51 and segment 58, the lowest line 13, the lowest pair of contacts IZL- l3, the hundreds line 14, the third pair of contacts CSu5-l0 (Figure 3) from the right to the hundreds accumulator magnet LP. Similar circuits are completed for entering the other digits of the multiplicand.

The lines 13 may also be connected by closing contacts I 0ZR-l-3 to lines 16 which are connected by contacts CSu--l4 (lower, Figure 3a) to lines 11 leading to the accumulator magnets RP, (Figure 3). The lines 16 also correspond respectively to the thousands, hundreds, tens and units denominations. The contacts l0ZR|3 connect the lines 13 to the thousands, hundreds and tens lines 16 so that the circuit for entering the hundreds multiplicand digit will extend to the thousands accumulator magnet RP, the remaining circuits also corresponding to the next higher denomination to that of the digit readout. Thus, ten times the multiplic'and will be entered over the circuits including the contacts IflZRl-3.

The circuits just traced are appropriate for multiplication by the units digit of the multiplier. When multiplication is efiected by the tens digit, groups of relay contacts CSt l4 and 0815-5?- ID will be closed so that the entries are made one denomination higher than when multiplying by a units digit. In the same way, when multiplying by the hundreds digit, groups of contacts CSh-i-t and CSh5--|U are closed and the entries are made two denominations higher than when multiplying by 2. units digit.

Each segment 60 in the second, fourth and sixth sets (from the left) of the middle section is connected by a line 18 to the line H corresponding to the complementary digit of its own digit, i. e., each zero segment is connected to the line H for 9, each one segment connected to the line H for 8, and so on. The corresponding common segments 58 are connected by lines 19 to contacts lZL-l4 which connect the lines 79 to the lines 14. Thus, when these contacts close, circuits will be established for entering the complementary digits of the multiplicand into the accumulator LP. This allows of the entry of the complement of the multiplicand into the accumulator LP which, as is well known, is equivalent to subtracting the multiplicand in the accumulator LP.

The circuits over the lines 19 provide for the entry of three digits only and it is necessary to enter 9 into each other denomination of the accumulator LP, and also to add the fugitive unit.

thus 9 will be entered as the thousands digit of the multiplicand. Contacts IZL5 (Figure So) will also be closed and serve to connect the line 'H for nine to a line 8| which is connected through contacts of the relays CSu, CSh, SCt, to the appropriate accumulator magnets LP, to provide for the entry of 9 into those denominations which do not receive entries over the lines 14. The contacts lZL-5 also complete a connection to a line 82 leading to a magnet FU corresponding to magnet 388' shown in Fig. 30 of British Patent No. 405,031. This magnet serves to trip the carry mechanism to the units denomination of the accumulator LP in a well known manner. It will be appreciated that whenever the relay IZL is energized, the magnet FU will be energized and the carry mechanism to the units denomination will operate so that the units denomination of the accumulator LP will add the fugitive unit.

Five times the multiplicand The upper section of the multiplicand readingout mechanism is employed to enter five times the multiplicand into the'accumulator RP. The segments 68 in this section are connected together in pairs corresponding to the digits 0 and 1, 2 and 3, 4 and 5, 6 and 7, 8 and 9. The segments in the first, third and fifth sets from the left are connected each by a line to the line H corresponding to half (to the next lower integer) of the digit of the segment. Thus, the two and three segments are connected to the one line, the four and five segments to the two line, and so on. The segments in .the second and fourth section from the left are connected by lines 81 each to the line 1| corresponding to five plus half the digit of the segment. The highest (left-hand) common segment 58 is connected by a line 88, one pair of relay contacts 5ZR,l-4 to the thousands line '18 so that when the relay 52B is energized, a

circuit may be completed at a time corresponding to half the hundreds digit of the multiplicand to enter half that digit into the thousands denomination of the accumulator RP. With relay contacts 84b and 85b in their normal position as shown, similar circuits will be completed for the tens and units denominations extending to the hundreds and tens denominations of the accumulator RP.

With the multiplicand representing 673, the circuit through the hundreds section will represent 3, which is exactly half 6. The circuit through the tens denomination will also represent 3, but there will be a remainder of 1 in this case. This remainder is taken care of in reading-out the units digit in the following manner. When the tens digit is odd, the contacts 8411 are shifted, thereby connecting the left-hand units common segment 58 in circuit with the tens line 16. The associated segments 88 are connected up so that the circuit is completed at a time. corresponding to five plus half the units digit. In the case assumed the units digit is 3, so that the circuit is timed to represent 5+1 or 6. When the units digit is odd, the contacts 831) will close, thereby connecting the line 81 for five to the units line I5, so that 5 is entered into the units denomination of the accumulator RP.

It will be appreciated that the upper section of the reading-out mechanism provides a reading of half the multiplicand and that the connections to the lines 15 are such that half the multiplicand is multiplied by ten during the entry into the accumulator RP. Thus, the top section provides means for entering five times the multiplicand into the accumulator RP.

The condition of the contacts 83b, 88b and 85b is controlled in the following manner. The operating coils 83, 84 and 85 (Figure 3) of double-wound relays are connected respectively in parallel with the units, tens and hundreds magnets MC, and contacts FC-8 are connected in the circuit for each coil 83; 8| and 85. The contacts FC8 close repeatedly (see Fig. 4) while the hole positions for the odd digits are passing the brushes 24, so that, when a brush 2! encounters a hole representing an odd digit in the multiplicand, one of the relay coils will be energized at the same time as the corresponding magnet MC. Each of these coils when energizedcloses contacts 83a, 840, or 850, to energize a holding coil 83', 8| or 85 as the case may be. A circuit is then established from the DC output of the dynamo (lower, Figure 3b) through aline I34 (Figure 3), the holding coil in question, the associated contacts, contacts RC-3 and a line I35. The holding coil maintains the associated contacts closed and also shifts the associated contacts 83?), 88b or 8517.

vThe contacts RC-3 open momentarily while the cross-head of the entry receiving device is moving downwards in order to de-energize those of the holding coils as are energized in readiness for re-energization by the next card.

Double the multiplicand digit of the sum of twice the digit of the segment'and 1. The units common segment 58 is connected by a line 83 directly, and the lefthand tens and hundreds segments 58 through normally closed contacts 88b and MD respectively, to lines 83. Thus, the circuits through this reading-out mechanism will normally be timed 1-- accordance with twice the digits entered. With the receiving device representing 6 3, the units circuit will be timed for 6, i. e., for twice 3. The tens circuit will be timed for the units digit of twice '7, i. e., 4 and one unit must be carried to the hundreds denomination. This carry is taken care of by-the shifting of the contacts 8"). With these contacts shifted the hundreds circuit is timed for the units digit of twice six plus one, i. e., for 3. Ten must be carried to the thousands denomination. This carry is taken care of by the shifting of contacts 821) which provide a circuit from the one line H through the second highest set of contacts 2Sl--l8, and a line 84, to the thousands line 14 so that one is entered into the thousands denomination of the accumulator LP.

The contacts 8817, Mb and 82b form part of double-wound relays having operating coils 88, 8| and 82, (Figure 3) each connected in parallel with the related magnet MC and in series with cam contacts FC-'-|8. These contacts are timed to close while the holes in the card for 9, 8, 7, 6. and 5 are being read so that one of the coils 88, 8| or 82 will be energized whenever the multi- Each segment in the other two plicand digit is 5 or over. These coils close contacts 90a, 9m and 92a toenergize holding coils..- 90', 9| and 92', the holding circuit including the contacts RC3. X

The contacts 2S--l-l0 (Figure 3a) form part of a subtracting relay 2S. Whezrthis relay is energized, the connections from t e line 'II to the lowest section'ofthe reading-out mechanism are reversed so that the circuits will be. completed at times representing the complementary digits of the digits of twice the multiplicand. Thus, the second highest segment 60 in the) left-hand set is normally connected to the line H for two, but will, when the relay 28 is energized, be connected to the line H for '7. The relay 728 also closes contacts 28- in parallel with/the contacts -IZL-5 to provide for the entry of nines into the denominations of the accumulator LP that do not otherwise receive entries, and in order to take care of the entry of the fugitive unit. Thus, with the relays 2S and 2ZL both energized the complement of two times the multiplicand will be entered into the accumulator LP; 4

It will be noted that two different methods of obtaining the complement are employed. It would be possible to dispense with the relay is and to provide a fourth section to the reading-out mechanism connected up in a manner appropriate to giving the complement of twice the multiplicand. The use of the relay 2S avoids the necessity for this additional section.

Method of multiplication It will be seen that it is possible to enter the multiplicand, twice the multiplicand, the complement of the multiplicand or the complement of twice the multiplicand into the accumulator LP, and to enter five times the multiplicand or ten times the multiplicand into the accumulator RP. Multiplication is effected by making these entries selectively in accordance with the digits of the multiplier. The multiples are selected inaccordance with the table in Figure 5., Where two multiples are selected in respect of one multiplier digit they are entered concurrently, one into the accumulator LP and the other into the accumulator RP. The means for selecting the multiples comprises the multiplier receiving device and the relays +lZL, lZL, 2S, SZR and WZR (Figure 3). It will be observed from the table of Figure '7 that either the multiple is selected which is equal to the product of the multiplicand and a multiplier digit, or a pair of multiples is selected whose sum or difference is equal to the said product. Instead of selecting 2X and SK and -lX and 5X in respect of the multiplier digits 3 and 4, it will be possible to select IX, and 2X, and 2X and 2K in respect of these multiplier digits. This would, however, necessitate provision for entering twice the multiplicand into the accumulator RP as well .as into the accumulator LP, and the table shown avoids this. The manner in which this selection is efiected will be apparent from the following description of the operation of the machine as a whole.

Operation of the machine card feed It should be mentioned first that cam contacts FC--l etc., are in the card feeding mechanism and operate during card feeding cycles only, while cam contacts CC-Z etc. operate continuously in all cycles.

n will be assumed that a batch of cards has been inserted into the magazine of the machine n and that the motor M (Figure 1) is running. A start key is depressed to close contacts I (Figure 3b) and complete a circuit through cam contacts FC-l, contacts G-l, the contacts I00 and a relay coil C. This coil closes its contacts 0-! to maintain itself energized through cam contacts FC-Z. The coil C also closes contacts C--I to provide a circuit through contacts P--l, contacts N-l, the contacts C-l, stop key contacts l0l, cam contacts FC-3, the card feed clutch magnet CFM and contacts F-l. The contacts'P-J are provided in the punching mechanism for the purpose of preventing a card feeding operation when the punch mechanism is not in its proper position. The magnet CFM engages the clutch 23 (Figure 1) so that the card feeding mechanism commences to operate and feeds the first card into position to pass the brushes 24. When the card reaches this position it closes the contacts 26 to energize a relay coil 1-1. This coil closes its contacts H-l (top, Figure 3) in order to prepare the card reading circuits. When the machine is first started, the entry receiving device is in the position shown in Figure 2 and the clutch 36 (Figure 1) is engaged. The cross-head ill will, therefore, rise to its highest position carrying the slides with it and the clutch that the clutch 3G should be' engaged halfway through the first card feed cycle, in order that the cross-head and slides may be rising while the card is passing the brushes 24 in the first half of the second card feed cycle. Cam contacts CC-2 close momentarily towards the end of each cycle of the machine, and thus close halfway through the first card feeding cycle to complete a circuit through contacts G-3 which are closed when the machine is first started and the magnet RCM which engages the clutch 36, so that the receiving device may be driven. A relay coil lCR is also energized, but this has no effect.

The start key is maintained depressed until after the second card feed cycle has been started. Thus, the relay coil C will be energized a second time and will cause the machine to perform a second card feeding cycle. Early in the second card feed cycle, cam contacts FC-5 close while the contacts 26 are still closed, so that a relay coil G will also be energized. This coil closes its contacts G.-2'and shifts its contacts G--i, thereby connecting both the'coils G and H in series with cam contacts FC-l. The cam contacts FC-l are timed to close at such tinies as the card lever contacts 2t open owing to the gaps between the cards. The relays G and H will then be maintained energized until the contacts 28 fail to reclose owing to the exhaustion of cards from the magazine. The shifting of the contacts G--l also interrupts the circuits through the start key contacts it") so that the coil C cannot be" re-energized, even although the stop key may be held depressed.

This prevents further card feed cycles occurring until after multiplication has been efiected in respect of the first card. The coil G also opens its contacts (3-3 in series with the receiving device clutch magnet RCM, so that this magnet is not re-energized near the middle of the second card feeding cycle. The receiving mechanism will, therefore, come to rest with the cross-head in its upper position an with the slides 50 set to represent the multiplier and multiplicand read from the cards.

The card reading-circuits extend from the A. C,

output of the dynamo through the contacts H-I cam contacts FC4, an impulse distributor I02, which serves to prevent sparking of the brushes, a common contact roller 25, and thence in parallel through the brushes 24 to the magnets MP and MC, and also to the relay coils 83, 84, 05, 90, 9| and 92. These circuits occur at times determined by the positions of the holes in the card and result in the multiplicand and multiplier being entered and in the relays 83 to 92 being energized selectively.

Towards the end of this card feeding cycle, the card is delivered to the punch and closes the contacts 21 (Figure 3b) to energize a relay coil F. This coil shifts its contacts F-I to complete a circuit through cam contacts CC-3, a clutch magnet I03, contacts P3 and contacts K-I. The contacts K--I are closed by a coil K, which is energized through contacts P-5 in the punch, which are closed when a card is ejected from the punch and remain closed until the next card is fed through the punch. The magnet I03 couples the punch mechanism to a motor, so that the punch operates to feed the first card of the batch into position to have the product punched in it.

This operation is fully described in the British Specification No. 405,031 and will not be described herein. The coil F also closes contacts F2, (top, Figure 3), so that, when the cam contacts CC2 close at the end of the second card feeding cycle, a circuit is completed through contacts K-2 and L-2 and the contacts F--2, to the reset magnet 20LP. As previously explained the energization of this magnet brings about the resetting of the accumulator LP.

Multiple selectiria circuits As this accumulator is reset, contacts LP-I, (top left, Figure 3) close to energize relay coils M and N by connecting them between the lines until multiplication has been completed. The

coil M also closes its contacts MI (top right, Figure 3) to connect the multiplier reading-out mechanism in circuit with contacts CO-2.

The coils of the multiple-selecting relays are connected systematically to the segments 60 of the multiplierentry receiving device reading-out mechanism so that the appropriate coil or group of coils is energized in accordance with the multiplier digit entered. Thus, the relay SZR is connected to the segments 60 corresponding to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 'I in the first, third and fifth set from the left. The relay IOZR is connected to the eight and nine segments in the 'same sets. The relay IZL is connected to thesegments 00 for one and six in each of. the other. three sets of segments. The relay -IZL is connected to the segments for four and nine.

The relay 2Z1. is connected to the segments for two and seven, and the relays ZZL and is are connected to the segments for three and eight. The agreement of these connections with the table of Figure 5 will be observed.

It will be assumed that the multiplier is 814 and the brushes 5! are therefore in the position shown in Figure 3. When the cam contacts CC-2 close late in the cycle in which the accumulator LP was reset, they complete a circuit through the contacts M-I normally closed contacts Yu-I, the right hand units common 8- into the accumulator RP. The circuits through the coils .-IZL and 5ZR continue over a line I04 through normally closed contacts Yu-I and a relay coil CSu. This coil: closes its contacts CSu-I-4 (Figure 3a) and CSu5I0 (Figure 3b) previously referred to so that the entries are appropriate to multiplication by a units digit. Thus, in the cycle which now occurs, the complement of the multiplicand is entered into the accumulator LP and five times the multiplicand is entered into the accumulator RP.

The contacts of these relays remain closed until the end of the cycle when they are reopened mechanically by the cam 3| (Figure 1) as mentioned previously.

The relay CSu closes its contacts CSuII so asto provide a circuit through the contacts RC-2 and M-2, the contacts CSw-II and a relay'coil Yu. This coil closes its contacts Yu-I to hold itself energized and also opens its contacts Yu--3, Yu-S and Yu|, closing its contacts Ylb-4, Yu6 and Yin-0.

Thus, when the contacts CC-2 next close, the circuits are completed through the contacts Yu-4 and contacts Yt3 to the right hand tens common segment 58 and hence through the associated brush iL-segment 60 for 1, the coil +IZL, the line I04, the contacts YH, contacts Yt'| and a relay coil CSt. The coil +IZL closes its contacts +IZLI3 and the coil CSt closes its contacts CSt-I-4 (Figure 3a) and CSt-5-I0 (Figure 3) so as toprepare the circuits for entering the multiplicand into the accumulator LP. No circuit is completed through the contacts Yu--6 and Yt-S to the left hand tens section of the reading-out mechanism since the "one" segment in this section is not connected in circuit. Thus, no entry is made into the accumulator RP in this cycle.

The relay CSt also closes its contacts CStII to energize a relay coil Yt which closes its contacts Yt-I to hold itself energized. This coil also shifts the contacts Yt-3, Yt-5 and Yt-l. Thus when the contacts CC2 again close the circuits will extend through the contacts Yu4, Yt--4- and Yh3, the hundreds section of the reading-out mechanism and the coils 2S and IZL to the line I04, and also through the contacts Yu--6, Yt6 and Yh--5, the hundreds section of thereading-out mechanism and the coil IOZR to line I04. From theline I04 the circuits continue through the contacts Yu-l, Yt0 and tacts CC2 again close a circuit is completed through the contacts Yu-4, Yt4 and Yh4 to the clutch magnet RCM and the relay coil ICE. 1

Entry receiving device reset and card feed I The entry receiving device is now driven through a cycle of operations, is cleared and then set up again in accordance with the factors read from the next card. During the first half of the cycle of operations of the entry receiving device, the contacts 'RC--3 open momentarily to deenergize the holding coils 83 to 92' which are associated with the two and five times read ing-out sections of the multiplicand entry receiving device. The contacts RC2 are also opened and de-energize the coils Yu, Yt, Yh, M and N, in readiness for the next multiplying operation. The contacts RC-l also close to energize the coil C which holds itself energized through its contacts C-2 and the contacts FC-2, and also closes its contacts C-l to energize the card feed clutch magnet CFM as previously described. A new card feeding cycle is thus initiated.

Transfer RP to LP The coil ICR closes its contacts ICR,-I-6, (lower, Figure 3) so as to connect the readingout mechanism RPRO provided in the accumulator RP to the accumulator magnets LP. This reading-out mechanism is of conventional construction and serves to connect the emitter EM to the magnets LP in such a manner that the latter are energized at the appropriate times for adding the amount in the accumulator RP.

The amounts added by the two accumulators are shown in Figure 6. I

It will be observed that since the highest entry into the accumulator LP is a complement, this accumulator obtains a complement. product is obtained as the result of the difference between two numbers. In other cases, however, the product may be the sum of, two numbers, both the accumulators obtaining true numbers.

In certain cases the sum of theamounts entered into the accumulator RP may exceed a million, and a case in which this occurs is shown below.

Transfer Q In this case the sum of the amounts entered into the accumulator" RP is 1023750, but since the accumulator only has six denominations it is unable to register the unit in the millions denomination. This apparent error has no practical consequence sinceif the unit were obtained and transferred to the accumulator LP, it would be added to!) in the millions'denomination of the accumulator LP to give zero in that denomination. The addition performed during this transferring is shown below:

Thus, the

'tacts B-2 and the contacts LP-2.

It will be readily understood that in all the cases in which the sum in the accumulator RP exceeds the accumulators with a millions denomination.

Eliminating unwanted cycles In the example above the units digit of the multiplier is zero. It will be recalled that the multiplier slides 50 cooperate with a special segment in the zero position. The segments are shown in Figure 3 at Ma. If the units multiplier digit is zero, the units slide will connect, by one of its brushes 51, the units segment 60a tothe related common segment 58a. the cOntactsM-Z close, a circuit will be completed through the unitssegment 60a and common segment 58a to the relay coil Yu, which will be energized before the cam contacts CC2 close so that the first set of multiple-selecting circuits will be completed through the contacts Yu4 and Yt-3, and the contacts Yu6 and Ytto the tens part of the multiplier reading-out mechanism instead of to the units part of that mechanism. Thus, the machine will proceed immediately to select multiples in accordance with the tens multiplier digit, omitting the cycle in respect of the units multiplier digit. Cycles are also omitted in a similar manner when the tens digit or hundreds digit is zero.

Accumulator reset and recording the product As the emitter EM rotates in order to transfer the amount in the accumulator RP to the accumulator LP, it completes a circuit, after the transfer has been completed, through contacts ICR'| (Figure 3a) to the reset magnet ZIJRP, so that the accumulator RP is reset in the following cycle.

Early in the card feeding cycle cam contacts FC8 (Figure 3b) close to energize a relay B Thus, when which maintains itself energized through conalso closes its contacts B-l so as to provide a a circuit including a line M0 to the reading-out mechanism LPRO of the accumulator LP. This mechanism controls the punch selecting magnets 28 which are selectively energized and cause the punches to perforate the card in'accordance with the product contained in the accumulator LP. This punching operation is identical with that described in British Specification No. 405,031 aforesaid, and need not be described herein.

While the product is being punched on one card, the next card is being fed past the brushes 2t and into the punching mechanism. When this card reaches the punching mechanism it closes the contacts 21 to energize the coil F (lower left, Figure 3b). This coil closes the contacts F-- 2 (top, Figure 3) so that after the contacts'K-J are closed, the reset magnet 20LP will be energized. The contacts K2 are closed by a relay coil K which is energized as soon as contacts P5 close. These contactsare closed as soon as the card has been fed to fully pass the punches and is ready for ejection. Thus, the resetting of the accumulator LP will take place as soon as one card has been fully punched with its product and the following card has been read and delivered to the punch.

When the accumulator LP is reset it opens its contacts LP-Z to de-ener'gize the coil B and break the punching circuits and close its contacts LP-3 to energize a-coil L. 'The coilL holds itself energized through contacts L-l and contacts P-2 in the punch. The coil L also opens the contacts L-2 to prevent a second resetting of the accumulator LP. The coil L is de-energized by the opening of the contacts P-2, which are arranged to remain closed until the contacts P--5 open, and then to open.

The resetting of the accumulator LP also results in the contacts LP-l closing to energize the coils M and N, as previously described, so that a new series of multiplying operations take place.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a single modification, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention therefore to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is: n

1. In a machine of the class described, a pair of entry receiving devices, means for entering a multiplier factor in one device and a multiplicand factor in the other device, a readout mechanism for the multiplier entry receiving device, further readout mechanisms for the multiplicand entry receiving device, result accumulating means, settable source means including said multiplicand readout mechanisms from which the multipli cand, the complement thereof, twice the multiplicand, the complement thereof, five times the multiplicand and ten times the multiplicand may be derived, and means controlled by the multiplier readout mechanism for selectively causing a single value comprising the multiplicand or a multiple thereof corresponding to a multiplier digit, or a pair of values comprising either the multiplicand and a multiple thereof or a pair of multiples, or a pair of values comprising a multiple and a complement of a multiple or the complement of the multiplicand, the sum of which pair of values corresponds to the product of the multiplicand by a multiplier digit, to be derived from said source means and entered into said result accumulating means.

2. In a machine of the class described, a pair of entry receiving devices, means for entering a multiplier factor in one device and a multiplicand factor in the'other device, a readout mechanism for the multiplier entry receiving device, further readout mechanisms for the multiplicand entry receiving device from which the one multiple of the multiplicand may be derived, result accumulating means, settable source means including said multiplicand readout mechanisms from which other predetermined complete multiplicand multiples and the complements of certain multiples based upon a received multiplicand may be derived, and means controlled by the multiplier readout mechanism for selectively causing a multiple, a pair of multiples, or a multiple and the complement of a different multiple to be derived from said source means and entered into said result'accumulating means, said entry or entriescorresponding to a product of the multiplicand by a digit of the multiplier.

3. In a machine of the class described, a pair of entry receiving devices, means for entering a.

multiplier factor in one device and a multiplicand factor in the other device, a readout mechanism for the multiplier entry receiving device, further readout mechanisms for the multiplicand entry receiving device, result accumulating means, settable source means including said multiplicand readout mechanisms from which predetermined different complete multiplicand multiples and the complements of certain multiples based upon a received multiplicand may be derived, and means controlled by the multiplier readout mechanism multiplier factor in one device and a multiplicand factor in the other device, a readout mechanism for the multiplier entry receiving device, further readout mechanisms for the multiplicand entry receiving device, a pair of accumulators, settable source means including said multiplicand readout mechanisms from which the multiplicand, the complement thereof, predetermined complete multiplicand multiples and the complement of a certain multiple may be derived, means controlled by the multiplier readout mechanism, for determining for each multiplier digit what amount or amounts are to be derived from said source means, entering means for each accumulator, and means controlled by said determining means in accordance with each digit of the multiplier factor for connecting the entering means of one of said accumulators to said source means to receive an entry when the product of the multiplicand and the multiplier digit is the multiplicand or a certain multiple thereof, or for connecting the entering means of the other accumulator to said source means to receive an entry when the product of the multiplicand and the multiplier digit is another certainmultiple of the multiplicand, or for connecting the entering means of both accumulators to said source means to effect an entry of a multiple in each accumulator concurrently when the product of the multiplicand and the multiplier digit is the sum of said multiples or for connecting the entering means of both accumulators to said source means to effect the entry of a multiple in one accumulator and a complement in the other accumulator concurrently, when the product of the multiplicand and the multiplier digit is the sum of said multiple and said complement, and means for transferring the amount in one accumulator to the other to obtain the final product.

5. In a machine of the class described, a pair of entry receiving devices, means for entering a multiplier factor in one device and a multiplicand factor in the other device, a readout mechanism for the multiplier entry receiving device, further readout mechanisms for the mul tiplicand entry receiving device, settable source means including said multiplicand readout mechanisms from which predetermined different complete multiplicand multiples and the complements of certain multiples based upon a received multiplicand may bederived, a pair of accumulators, entering means for each, means controlled by the multiplier readout mechanism for certain digital values of the multiplier for causing said accumulator entering means to be concurrently controlled by said source means one in accordance with one of said multiplicand multiples and the other in accordance with one of said complements, the sum of said entries corresponding to a product of the multiplicand by one of said certain digital values of the multiplier, and means for transferring the amount in one accumulator to the other to obtain the complete product of the multiplicand and said certain digital value.

6. In a machine of the class described, a pair of entry receiving devices, means for entering a multiplier factor in one device and a multiplicand factor in the other device, readout mechanism for the multiplier receiving device, readout mechanisms for the multiplicand receiving device, result accumulating means, settable source means including said multiplicand readout mechanisms from which a predetermined complete multiplicand multiple and the complement of a certain multiplicand multiple based upon a received multiplicand may be derived, the sum of said complement and multiple corresponding to the product of the multiplicand by a certain digit of the multiplier and means controlled by the multiplier readout mechanism when said certain digit is entered therein for causing the said complement and said multiple to be derived from said source means and entered into said result accumulating means.

CHARLES CAMPBELL. 

